A disease that affects the nervous system
Motor neuron disease (MND) is a progressive neurological condition affecting the nerve cells (motor neurons) that carry messages from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles.
As these cells become damaged, fewer signals reach the muscles, leading to muscle weakness. This is followed by difficulties with movements, speech, walking and breathing.
There is currently no cure for MND, and life expectancy is often reduced to months or years after symptoms begin. At our flagship Macquarie University Motor Neuron Research Centre and Macquarie University Brain Institute and Clinic, our scientists and doctors are determined to seek a better understanding of MND in the hope of giving the best chance to fight MND.
Key topics
See further information on MND symptoms, types and diagnostic considerations.
| Symptom type | Common symptoms |
|---|---|
| Movement |
Symptoms can look different from person to person. |
| Speech and swallowing |
|
| Breathing |
|
| Behaviour |
|
| Whole body |
|
There are four main types of motor neuron disease:
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- primary lateral sclerosis (PLS)
- progressive bulbar palsy (PBP)
- progressive muscular atrophy (PMA).
Diagnosis is achieved through:
- a MND specialist review
- a neurological examination
- nerve and muscle tests (EMG/NCS)
- MRI and blood tests to exclude other causes
- swallowing and respiratory assessments.
Common treatments and support include:
- equipment and home safety support
- medicines (where appropriate)
- nutrition support
- planning ahead guidance
- psychosocial and carer support
- respiratory support
- speech and swallowing support
- symptom management.
A correct MND diagnosis is an important first step. Where possible, clarifying the specific type of MND suspected and whether there are additional features, can help your medical team to:
- identify potential mimics of MND that require a different approach
- identify swallowing and breathing changes early and respond promptly
- discuss prognosis carefully and plan ahead in a way that reflects your goals and values
- tailor symptom management and allied health support
- consider whether scientific research studies or clinical trials may be appropriate.
A timely diagnosis can prevent unnecessary diagnostics and/or procedures.
The Macquarie University MND Research Centre, part of the Macquarie University Brain Institute and Clinic, is recognised internationally for its scientific discoveries and clinical trials in motor neuron disease.
Drawing on our leadership in MND research, we provide the most up-to-date, personalised care via our multidisciplinary clinic, working alongside your GP and other health professionals to ensure coordinated support at every stage.
Research is conducted via:
- biobank
- care and quality-of-life research
- clinical trials
- observational research.
Our neurologists have expertise in movement disorder assessment, diagnosis and treatment. They perform a detailed clinical assessment of each patient’s individual symptoms to guide diagnosis and tailor an appropriate care plan.
See our team:
If you or a family member has noticed progressive muscle weakness, changes in speech or swallowing, or other ongoing symptoms affecting movement and daily function, a specialist assessment may help provide clarity and a plan for care and support.
To be seen by a neurologist with special expertise in MND:
- speak with your GP about a referral for an assessment
- bring a list of current medications and a brief timeline of symptoms (what you noticed, and when)
- if available, bring results of previous tests (for example MRI, blood tests, nerve studies)
- invite a family member or support person to join you – they are welcome to attend appointments.
We will work alongside your GP and existing care team to support ongoing management and access appropriate services.
Learn more about the Macquarie University Brain Institute and Clinic.